I was deeply struck by my visit to Washington, the capital of the United States. First, because I never imagined I would visit—but since we were in New York and it was close by, we decided to go. Then, because I sensed a heavy atmosphere of war—tension in the air, weaponry everywhere. The airspace was constantly filled with private planes and helicopters passing through. Police presence on every corner. Numerous sculptures and monuments honoring the war dead, battles, and all manner of weaponry. Public institutions and agencies bristling with security measures: surveillance cameras, bag checks, and document verification for entry.
It was evident that this is a country at war—and one that has always been at war.
The saddest and most jarring moment was seeing a man leave the Department of Veterans Affairs with a disfigured face—most likely the result of war.
War distorts everything and everyone.
One of the last texts Freud published is titled "Why War?" It is a reply to a letter from Einstein, who had written to the father of psychoanalysis questioning the emotional motives that drive people to wage war instead of pursuing dialogue and diplomacy. What is this need to destroy others, invade territories, and crave dominance and wealth at the cost of human lives? Could this be one of the reasons behind so much of the emotional pain and serious psychological problems we see today?
Einstein argued that, even back then (1934), humanity had reached an intellectual level where it should have been obvious that such atrocities ought not to occur. Freud explained that there is something more at play in the emotional realm—an immeasurable satisfaction in pushing boundaries that transcends the symbolic and diplomacy. Freud stated that human beings live in a constant struggle between the life drive and the death drive. This struggle underlies many human challenges and efforts, such as quitting drinking, smoking, overeating, or fighting. And the growth of the individual and of humanity lies in the ability to defer immediate impulses in favor of desires and projects shared with society, foregoing destructive physical confrontations... There is still a path to achieving this goal!
Fabiana Ratti, psychoanalyst
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